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Abstract

Attitudes and behaviors towards people based on race, gender, sexual orientation, and religion can create stereotypes that set the tone for how people are viewed and treated in society. These stereotypes over time become implicit or explicit bias. DeShazo et al. (2020) stated that bias based on skin color, religion, immigrant status, gender, and ethnicity are deeply rooted in the American culture and have existed within the infrastructure of American medicine as scientific racism was taught at the best medical schools from the beginning. Edgoose et al. (2019) states that implicit or unconscious bias derive from our attempt to rapidly find patterns in utilizing only small bits of information, and that those patterns emerge from positive or negative attitudes and stereotypes that are developed about certain groups of people and form outside our own consciousness from childhood. Racial bias, whether implicit or explicit, can lead to inequities, disparities, discrimination, racism, poor education, and harsher punishments, which can greatly impact health and the wellbeing of those affected. Milner IV (2018) found that racism and discrimination has been linked to anxiety, stress, depression, thoughts of suicide, and physical ailments like hair loss, diabetes, and heart disease. The purpose of this systematic review is to explore and examine the impact of implicit racial bias in the United States education system. PRISMA guidelines will be utilized as the framework to report studies and findings. The conducted data from studies will be analyzed and evaluated using chart tools to organize findings and reports consistently and clearly.

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